Transitioning to a Circular Economy: An Evaluation of the World Bank Groupâ??s Support for Municipal Solid Waste Management (2010â??20)

World Bank Group

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Abstract: Municipal solid wasteâ??waste generated mainly from residential and commercial sourcesâ??has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges across the world,with growing public health,environmental,social,and economic costs. By 2050,fast-growing large- and medium-size cities will nearly double the waste generation in lower-middle-income countries and upper-middle- income countries. Low-income countries (LICs),where most waste is disposed of in open dumps,are on a trajectory to triple their municipal solid waste generation by 2050. Historically,the causes and effects of municipal solid waste were considered local or regional. However,with increasing volumes and changing waste composition,municipal solid waste has become a global challenge.