World Wide Fund (WWF)
Abstract: Decentralised development of small-scale renewable energy solutions has shown promise in addressing unserved or underserved markets,providing access where grid extension is not feasible,especially in remote rural and urban slum areas (Wesphal et al,2017). To date the largest uptake of small-scale renewable energy technologies has been in urban,peri-urban and rural areas that are accessible by road (and relatively close to the existing grid),while more remote rural areas have seen little penetration owing to the high cost of distribution to those \areas (Ronah,2018).